Introduction
As soon as we evoke the "Silk Road" the imaginary leads us to trade between the Chinese empire and the rest of the world through Central Asia. Very reductive image because it was more than that for more than fifteen centuries. According to the French Researcher Lucette Boulnois (CNRS), "the Silk Road" is "a bundle of transcontinental trade routes, from China to the shores of the Mediterranean, through Central Asia and Iran, completed beam of maritime routes to which it is connected; itineraries through which were conveyed for a century or two before the Christian era, various productions, technical and scientific knowledge, religions, doctrines, arts but also exterminating invasions and enslaving conquests ". This description could be tackled to land and sea routes to Africa during the same period.
I.The new Silk Road: Lures and Lueurs?
The "New Silk Road" was unveiled in autumn 2013. It is a major project of China. It aims to establish a development strategy promoting cooperation between China and the rest of the world through Eurasia. It will concern 68 countries representing 4.4 billion inhabitants and 62% of global GDP (CNN). The backbone of the project is based on improving rail connectivity, even though other roads are not neglected. It is an evolutionary project. If during its officialization in 2015 in the documents of the Government it concerned about sixty countries; in 2017, a hundred or so countries were targeted. In addition to this geographic growth, there is an extension at sector level with transport as a major initial project plus energy, telecommunications, industrial parks, tourism, customs and legal projects. The Silk Roads Project goes so far as to provide for international arbitration tribunals (03) in China. The growth of the project also encompasses immaterial concepts.
 
The gigantism of the Chinese Project and its global vision make the West develop two feelings: Interest (business) and Fear that give rise to studies and warnings not only for the West but towards other continents (Africa, Latin America, even Asia).
Almost everywhere in the West (North America and Europe) "The New Silk Roads" are presented as a bundle of ambitions in all fields: communication, economy, infrastructure, with as a base a desire for power that does not say its name openly. This perception is very well summed up by Michel de Grandi (2018) who writes "There is behind this plan a dimension of economic diplomacy that should allow Beijing and its companies to find growth opportunities outside China. But that's not all, it's also a project that exports Chinese Soft Power and its desire to overhaul the governance of the planet. Xi Jinping and China want to lead the reorganization of global institutions ... China not only participates in the modernization of infrastructure in the world, but spreads another ideological message. The Chinese President wants to "sell" his mode of development as an alternative to that of the Western democracies, which are suffering from many evils. He boasts a strong, centralized state, able to make decisions quickly and impose them in a short time. Finally, it does not forget the geostrategic aspect of this project ".
II.Africa and the New Silk Roads
The will of Power and the underlying economic imperialism lent to China by the West can not prosper in Africa in the sense that what is here only an aspiration, a virtuality, has been a reality in Africa. the part of the West without equal participation of Africans in the fallout of development. The willingness of China to question the current governance of global institutions can only be met by the consent of African countries. The organization of African unity in its time and the African Union today have repeatedly demanded another more equitable governance of international institutions whose operating rules are inherited from the time of the "Cold War" .
a) African assets
The African continent in 2019 is one billion people with an exponential demographic growth that makes the demographic variable is both a wealth but also and especially a time bomb taking into account the needs of people in all economic fields , educational, social, cultural, etc. There is a reported emergency. Hence the need to find effective, efficient and cost-effective solutions.
Efficiently efficient at the request of the African populations.
For Africa, the "New Silk Roads Project" must be an opportunity for sustainable and inclusive development. It's up to her to give herself the means. It is not a question of being angelistic, because all those who ask for the continent have a present and a future interest in it. It is up to Africa to impose its conditions.
How?
b) The how
It is up to Africa to think first of its future that should be the "Africans, for Africans" without ignoring others. It must be imposed on others that whatever their availability for Africa nobody knows better than they what they want. All willingness to cooperate must start from this postulate and this is valid for the three environments that must be taken into account in Africa:
-The Macro-environment
-The Meso-environment
-The Micro-environment.
 
The Macro-environment
It is the continent as a whole through targeted and prioritized projects. At this level, the Development Partners' interlocutor must be the "African Union" and its specialized bodies. It is in this perspective that the interventions of the project "The New Silk Roads" must be located. Africa has identified emergencies and structuring infrastructure in the continent through NEPAD (New Africa Development Program). In this program, all the key elements for a real, deep, integrated and sustainable development of the continent have been listed and studied. It is the financial aspect thus realization which constituted until now the bottleneck.
The $ 40-billion "Silk Road" Fund and the two new banks created to support the new Silk Roads, namely the Development Bank and the Asian Investment Bank for infrastructure with capital $ 100 billion as China's first-rate tools to significantly contribute to African development finance. The China-Africa Fora at the highest level, which promotes a better knowledge and better ownership of the visions of some is another must allow cooperation in the perspective of well-understood interests according to the win-win formula.
Indeed, there is no lasting cooperation without respect and equal dignity of the partners of the States, Civilizations. Development is dependent on exchanges with the rest of the world but above all, above all between Africans. The Rail must play a fundamental role. The railway linking China to Europe on the world's longest 10,000 km route (2016) is expected to open up new prospects for the interconnection of African networks. The Djibouti-Addis-Ababa railroad project or China intervened as financier, builder and operator is a shoot that is to announce flowers elsewhere on the continent. The roads where China intervenes massively also constitute infrastructures of first importance for the inter-African exchanges.
The Meso-environment
The Meso-environment is made up of subregional structures such as: SADEC for Southern Africa, ECOWAS for West Africa.
These structures of political cooperation, which bring together several tens of millions of people, are increasingly entities with an economic, social and cultural vocation. All have developed structuring economic and social components and programs for the countries concerned.
With Senegal, we have the Community for the Development of West Africa (CDEAO) which brings together 12 States and nearly 300 million people. Economic integration is the bedrock of political, economic, military and judicial structures, going as far as a project to create a common currency, whose studies have been very advanced in recent years. Studies, projects, are available in all areas in the pocket of the management authorities of the ECOWAS. The "New Silk Roads" and their funds and banks can in their areas of intervention participate significantly in the development of the sub-region in a win-win perspective. China's intervention in the construction of railways and dams in Guinea, roads in Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina-Faso, harbors or agricultural projects already shows, if necessary, the reality on the ground of the "New Roads" Silk ".
The Micro-environment
It is constituted by each State whose development is imperatively linked to that of others, hence a necessary integration of development policies. Like Senegal, where China has intervened for several decades, and especially in the framework of the "new Silk Road", it is carrying out infrastructure, hydro-agricultural.